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Jonathan Alder (September 17, 1773 – January 30, 1849) was an American pioneer, and the first white settler in Madison County, Ohio. As a young child living in Virginia, Alder was kidnapped by Shawnee Indians, and later adopted by a Mingo chief in the Ohio Country. He lived with the Native Americans for many years before returning to the white community. Alder settled near present-day Plain City, Ohio, where he became a farmer. He was reunited with his birth family, which moved to Ohio with him, and also had a short career as a military officer during the War of 1812. A middle school, high school, and school district in Plain City all bear his name. ==Early life== Alder was born September 17, 1773, in Gloucester, New Jersey,〔 to Bartholomew Alder and Hannah Worthington. The family moved in 1775 to Wythe County, Virginia, where Alder's father died about a year later.〔 In May 1782,〔May 1782 is the date stated in Nelson's book, which claims to be a direct re-telling of Alder's own tale. The date of the kidnapping has also been stated as 1781 (Foster) and March 1782 (Howe)〕 Jonathan, at eight years old, was sent out with his brother David to search for a couple horses that ran away. They were attacked by a small group of Shawnee Indians from Ohio.〔 David saw the Indians first and tried to escape, but he was chased down, killed, and later scalped.〔 The Indian group also captured Alder's neighbor, Mrs. Martin, and her young child. The group traveled north, passing present-day Chillicothe, Ohio, on the way to a Mingo village on the north side of the Mad River, somewhere near present-day Logan County, Ohio. During the trip the Indians killed and scalped Martin's child, which they found burdensome. Martin responded by screaming in grief; when the Indians' threats to scalp her did not quiet her screams, they whipped her until she was silent.〔 Alder's life was spared due to his appearance. His captors thought his black hair would allow him to pass as an Indian.〔 When the group reached the village, Alder learned why his life had been spared. One of the Mingo chiefs, Succohanos, and his wife, Whinecheoh, were an aging couple who had lost their son, and planned to adopt Alder as a replacement.〔 Alder was forced to run the gauntlet, as a rite of passage, and after he exhibited bravery during the trial, he was adopted and cared for by Whinecheoh. The Indian's other prisoner, Mrs. Martin, had been promised to a man in another village, and was taken away during Alder's adoption ceremony.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jonathan Alder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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